2)A specific plan with goals should be established for each prairie. Take into account management needs, problems, alien species, threatened and endangered species, availability of help (manual labor, equipment), and adjacent land use. Make maps.

3)Treat only small portions of the prairie (fire, mowing, grazing). Avoid single universal treatment of a prairie tract so as to avoid extirpation of species and to minimize other negative effects on susceptible species.

4)More specifically, divide the prairie into biological communities. Allow only a fraction of each community to receive disturbance (by fire, grazing, mowing) each year. The purpose of this action is to leave a refuge for species which may be harmed by the given management technique. Use strips.

5)Diversify treatments. Treatment techniques as well as time of application should be varied, from year to year, for each given community.

6)Gain control over unwanted woody vegetation by manual removal so that subsequent regrowth can be more efficiently controlled by use of a tractor-mounted mower (and grazing and occasional burning).

7)Record past and present influences and management techniques. Record the effects of management. Evaluate and revise the management plan regularly.

8)Some prairies have a low need for management and should be left alone as a type of management.

9)Plant and animal specimen collection and seed collection should be regulated so that it does not harm the prairie community. Legitimate benefits of specimen collection include enhancement of local native prairies, and research that will provide increased public knowledge.

10)Do not introduce wildlife cover, food plots, or alien trees.

11)Introduction of native species: Introduced genetic material should be locally derived as well as site and soil specific. The site of origin should be recorded. See "INTRODUCTION OF NATIVE SPECIES."